This chapter explores the evolution, applications, and societal impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics, tracing their journey from theoretical foundations to modern innovations. It highlights key historical developments, such as Turing’s ‘universal machine’, Wiener’s cybernetics, and early AI programs like Logic Theorist and Shakey the Robot. The chapter underscores AI’s transformative power in fields like healthcare, where machine learning enhances diagnostics and robotic systems revolutionize surgeries. Robotics has also reshaped industries through automation, as seen with Unimate’s role in manufacturing. Modern advancements in deep learning, natural language processing [(e.g. Generative Pre-trained Transformer-3 (GPT-3)], and autonomous systems (e.g. AlphaGo, self-driving cars) demonstrate AI’s rapid progress and real-world applications. The chapter addresses emerging technologies like swarm robotics and their potential in environmental conservation, agriculture, and disaster response. Ethical considerations and societal impacts are also discussed, emphasizing the need for responsible development. AI and Robotics are positioned as integral forces shaping the future of industries, sustainability, and human life.