A full description of the electromagnetic field requires a quantum statistical treatment. The electromagnetic field has an infinite number of modes and each mode requires a statistical description in terms of its allowed quantum states. Each mode is described by an independent Hilbert space. In this chapter we introduce a number of functional representations for the density operator of the electromagnetic field: the P-function, the Wigner function and the Q-function.

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Representations of the Electromagnetic Field

  • D. F. Walls,
  • Gerard J. Milburn

摘要

A full description of the electromagnetic field requires a quantum statistical treatment. The electromagnetic field has an infinite number of modes and each mode requires a statistical description in terms of its allowed quantum states. Each mode is described by an independent Hilbert space. In this chapter we introduce a number of functional representations for the density operator of the electromagnetic field: the P-function, the Wigner function and the Q-function.