Knowledge about thermodynamic cycles is required in the development of solar gas turbines. Several thermodynamic cycles (including the Carnot, Rankine and Brayton cycles) are available in the literature. Currently, the Rankine cycle is the most-widely exploited engine cycle in concentrating solar power (CSP) technology. However, this cycle exhibits lower thermal efficiency than the Brayton cycle. In view of this limitation, researchers are paying attention to the use of the Brayton cycle in the power block of CSP plants. This cycle is ideal for gas turbine engines. Based on flow path, gas turbines are classified into three basic types: a) closed cycle gas turbine, b) open cycle gas turbine and c) semi-closed cycle gas turbine. It is also possible to combine the Brayton cycle with bottoming cycles (such as the steam and organic Rankine cycles) to obtain a combined cycle with high thermodynamic efficiency (>50%). Many studies have examined the solarisation of closed and open cycle gas turbines. In spite of the environmental and other potential benefits of the semi-closed power cycle, practical integration of this cycle with the CSP technology is scarce. Presented and discussed in this chapter are the conventional and advanced thermodynamic cycles for solarisation.

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Thermodynamic Cycles of Solar Gas Turbines

  • Amos Madhlopa,
  • Richard Nkhoma

摘要

Knowledge about thermodynamic cycles is required in the development of solar gas turbines. Several thermodynamic cycles (including the Carnot, Rankine and Brayton cycles) are available in the literature. Currently, the Rankine cycle is the most-widely exploited engine cycle in concentrating solar power (CSP) technology. However, this cycle exhibits lower thermal efficiency than the Brayton cycle. In view of this limitation, researchers are paying attention to the use of the Brayton cycle in the power block of CSP plants. This cycle is ideal for gas turbine engines. Based on flow path, gas turbines are classified into three basic types: a) closed cycle gas turbine, b) open cycle gas turbine and c) semi-closed cycle gas turbine. It is also possible to combine the Brayton cycle with bottoming cycles (such as the steam and organic Rankine cycles) to obtain a combined cycle with high thermodynamic efficiency (>50%). Many studies have examined the solarisation of closed and open cycle gas turbines. In spite of the environmental and other potential benefits of the semi-closed power cycle, practical integration of this cycle with the CSP technology is scarce. Presented and discussed in this chapter are the conventional and advanced thermodynamic cycles for solarisation.