Forest ecosystems in India are increasingly threatened by the invasion of alien flora, which significantly contributes to forest degradation. This chapter explores the multifaceted impacts of invasive alien species on forest health, highlighting how these species compete for resources, alter soil properties, increase fire risks, disrupt ecological interactions, and change forest hydrology. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of both ecological and socio-economic factors. The ecological challenges include the adaptability and resilience of invasive species, which often outcompete native vegetation, leading to biodiversity loss and ecosystem imbalances. Socio-economic challenges arise from the dependency of local communities on forest resources, making managing invasive species a complex task. Policy and governance challenges also play a crucial role, as the lack of coordinated efforts and enforcement mechanisms hinders effective management and restoration initiatives. Management strategies for invasive alien flora in India are diverse, ranging from mechanical and chemical control methods to biological interventions. The chapter also discusses the potential commercial uses of invasive species, which, if harnessed responsibly, could provide economic incentives for their removal and management. However, these strategies must be implemented with caution to avoid unintended consequences. In conclusion, forest degradation in India due to invasive alien flora is a pressing environmental issue that requires a multi-pronged approach. The chapter emphasises the need for integrated management strategies that involve ecological restoration, community participation, and robust policy frameworks. Future research and policy should prioritise the development of sustainable practices that balance the conservation of native biodiversity with the socio-economic needs of the population, ultimately enhancing India’s forest ecosystems.