This chapter delves into the multifaceted issue of forest degradation in India, highlighting its profound implications on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and socio-economic conditions. Forest degradation, driven by both anthropogenic and natural factors, poses a significant threat to India’s ecological balance. The chapter critically examines the historical context and current trends of forest degradation, identifying key drivers such as deforestation, unsustainable logging, land-use change, and climate change. It further explores the adverse impacts on forest-dependent communities, biodiversity loss, and soil degradation. In response to these challenges, the chapter evaluates the effectiveness of various government policies and programmes aimed at afforestation and reforestation, showcasing successful case studies and ongoing projects. By providing a comprehensive analysis, this chapter underscores the urgent need for sustainable forest management practices that integrate conservation with community livelihoods. The discussion also emphasises the role of policy interventions and international cooperation in mitigating forest degradation. Ultimately, the chapter seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on forest conservation in India, offering insights into the complexities of forest management and the pathways to restoring degraded landscapes.