This book advocates for a complementary theory and practice for the prevention and control of violent radicalisation and extremism. To this end, the second chapter challenges the dominant rehabilitation practices of incapacitation and imprisonment. The book argues that these were developed in parallel with punishment theories that are interpreted within the current punitive understanding of inflicting pain on the wrongdoer. This understanding involves passive engagements of punishment, which the book argues have failed expectations. This chapter uses the norms and practices of restorative justice, positive psychology, and positive criminology to propose alternative options for rehabilitation and control that are positive, and which require the active engagement of affected parties. These options are founded upon the concept of restorative justice pain, a much more personal and constructive punishment leading to catharsis and effective rehabilitation. Through this approach, desistance becomes a journey to transformation, and rehabilitation is seen as the route to making that journey worthwhile. The chapter argues that the more specific and communicative rehabilitation is, the more successful it will be in producing a life story of change, including when violence is the result of radicalised and extreme views. Through this chapter’s account, the relationship between restorative justice and rehabilitation theory is reconstructed.