This chapter focuses on three specific examples of biotechnological innovations that are likely to be particularly relevant for the construction industry. Ultimately, they all revolve around the idea of breaking down wood and agricultural raw materials into very small components (whether to nanoparticle size or smaller), modifying them thermally, mechanically, or chemically, and thus creating new building material properties. Finally, the perspective shifts from technological to socio-economic value-chain innovations, whose establishment could enable the widespread adoption of sustainable innovations in practice.