Venous Thromboembolic Prophylaxis in Revision Hip Arthroplasty
摘要
Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) are relatively common in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) occurring at a rate of 0.6–1.5%. VTE risk in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) has been reported to be up to 7.5%. Risk factors include age, obesity, prior VTE, varicose veins, family history of VTE, thrombophilia, immobility, and hospitalization. Mechanical prophylaxis strategies include intermittent pneumatic compression devices, compression stockings, and early ambulation. Pharmacological prophylactic agents include aspirin, vitamin K antagonists (i.e., warfarin), unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, fondaparinux, and direct oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixiban). Aspirin has been shown to be a sufficient VTE prophylaxis agent in certain rTHA patients. Screening tests include venous ultrasonography for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and computerized tomographic angiography for pulmonary embolism. Spinal anesthesia decreases VTE in rTHA. Patients with renal failure may require individualized dosing regimens. Tranexamic acid use does not appear to increase VTE risk in rTHA.