Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is estimated to be responsible for 15% of all revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) cases and is associated with a 5-year mortality rate higher than that of breast cancer, melanoma, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Kurtz et al., J Arthroplasty 33(10):3238–45, 2018). Overall incidence of PJI ranges between 0.3% and 1.9% for primary THA, and up to 10% for rTHA (Brown et al., J Arthroplasty 27(1):27–30, 2012; Negus et al., J Arthroplasty 32(7):2051–5, 2017). The incidence of PJI after THA has remained relatively constant despite incorporation of standardized sterilization and skin preparation protocols, emphasis on shorter operative times, use of laminar flow, body exhaust suits, minimizing blood transfusion, perioperative antibiotics, antibiotic cement, and antimicrobial adhesive dressings (Kurtz et al., J Arthroplasty 33(10):3238–45, 2018). The annual hospital costs for hip PJI are estimated to be $753.4 million by the year 2030 (Premkumar et al., J Arthroplasty 36(5):1484–9.e3, 2021). Infection remains an unsolved problem that will burden arthroplasty surgeons as the volume of primary joint replacements continue to grow. In this chapter, we aim to introduce the topic of PJI after THA and its diagnostic workup, describe different management principles, both operative and non-operative, and illustrate our preferred treatment of PJI after THA.