This study examines the expanding role of artificial intelligence (AI) in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on healthcare, environmental management, and sustainable urban development. AI technologies enhance disease detection, improve patient care through predictive analytics, and streamline health data management, contributing to SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being). In environmental services, AI aids in pollution control, water management, and climate change mitigation, aligning with SDGs 6, 11, and 13. Despite these advancements, deploying AI at scale presents challenges, including ethical concerns, data privacy, and accessibility barriers. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive regulatory frameworks and collaboration among policymakers, industry leaders, and communities to ensure responsible use. This paper emphasizes the need for digital infrastructure and skills development, advocating a balanced approach that considers both technological advancement and ethical governance. Emerging technologies such as edge computing and blockchain further support AI’s role in sustainable development, enabling more transparent, efficient, and inclusive solutions. By fostering these advancements, AI can significantly contribute to a sustainable future, provided that its integration is managed responsibly and inclusively.