My research focuses on the key learning qualities that students should possess when learning mathematics and on how to use mathematics learning quality assessment to promote reform in mathematics education practice. Through a 10-year exploration of mathematics learning quality assessment for primary and secondary school students in China, my research team has investigated components of mathematics learning quality, built a system of indicators for each component, created a series of assessment tools and a set of regional normative models, and developed an intelligent assessment system in accordance with the idea of “what to assess – how to assess – how to improve.” The findings suggest that the future of mathematics learning quality assessment systems needs to be more intelligent, efficient, and accurate. Following the ethical premise of technology, more thought should be given to maximizing the translation of existing experience into practice to promote the overall improvement of the quality of mathematics education.