Industrialization has though brought comfort in our daily lives but it has placed a lot of pressure on the planet’s natural resources, subsequently, it has adversely affected the environment. The quantity of cement production has increased dramatically because of the growing world population, economic development, and rapid urbanization. These trends are even more intense in Pakistan. Its population is expected to be ~276.5 million by the year 2030 for which there would be an estimated need of ~77.5 Mt of cement per annum resulting in an intense projected increase in CO2 emissions. Clinker is the primary source of greenhouse gases during cement production. Due to the unsustainable supply of fly ash in Pakistan, calcined clay appears to be a better Supplemental Cementitious Material (SCMs). Calcined clay along with raw limestone can replace clinker to a large extent. In Pakistan, plenty of reserves of kaolin clay exist both in the northern and southern regions of the country in the vicinity of existing clusters of cement plants. Shah Dehrai and Nagar Parkar areas have an estimated 2.7 Mt and 3.6 Mt of kaolin clay reserves, respectively. Because of the weak and unstable economic conditions of Pakistan, new cement plants would take years of planning and execution. Pakistan is reasonably viable to produce LC3 cement blends due to the availability of LC3 raw materials. This study provides a detailed survey of the cement industry and known deposits of qualified clay and also justifies the feasibility of producing LC3 in the country.

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Economic and Environmental Impacts of Cement Industry in Pakistan and Use of SCMs

  • Syed Muhammad Fahad Hussain,
  • Tariq Jamil,
  • Asad ur Rehman Khan,
  • Tehmina Ayub,
  • Chuanlin Hu

摘要

Industrialization has though brought comfort in our daily lives but it has placed a lot of pressure on the planet’s natural resources, subsequently, it has adversely affected the environment. The quantity of cement production has increased dramatically because of the growing world population, economic development, and rapid urbanization. These trends are even more intense in Pakistan. Its population is expected to be ~276.5 million by the year 2030 for which there would be an estimated need of ~77.5 Mt of cement per annum resulting in an intense projected increase in CO2 emissions. Clinker is the primary source of greenhouse gases during cement production. Due to the unsustainable supply of fly ash in Pakistan, calcined clay appears to be a better Supplemental Cementitious Material (SCMs). Calcined clay along with raw limestone can replace clinker to a large extent. In Pakistan, plenty of reserves of kaolin clay exist both in the northern and southern regions of the country in the vicinity of existing clusters of cement plants. Shah Dehrai and Nagar Parkar areas have an estimated 2.7 Mt and 3.6 Mt of kaolin clay reserves, respectively. Because of the weak and unstable economic conditions of Pakistan, new cement plants would take years of planning and execution. Pakistan is reasonably viable to produce LC3 cement blends due to the availability of LC3 raw materials. This study provides a detailed survey of the cement industry and known deposits of qualified clay and also justifies the feasibility of producing LC3 in the country.