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Under the sovereignty of His Majesty King Chulalongkorn, King Rama V (reigned 1868–1910), and under the direct influence of his close relatives, Siam implemented a vigorous policy of reform which today might be called a “strategy of hygiene.” The initial objectives were to transform Bangkok and ultimately Siam through the development of a policy of public health reforms apparently similar to that of Europe in response to the problems of rapid urbanisation. In Bangkok, this involved the provision of infrastructures such as the water supply, sewage disposal and crematoria. Particular emphasis was placed on sanitising Bangkok’s waterfronts and thoroughfares. These reforms were accompanied by changes in dress codes of civil servants and court officials in order to improve their appearance, and indeed changes in the codes of law governing the family and the physical appearance of Bangkok’s inhabitants. Great attention was given to the introductions of Western-style lavatories, modern crematoria and the associated attempts to reform Siamese traditional norms concerning personal hygiene and public health (see Fig. 9.1).

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Crematoria: King Rama V’s “Strategy of Hygiene” and Western Hygiene Reform in the Late Nineteenth Century

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • M. L. Chittawadi Chitrabongs

摘要

Under the sovereignty of His Majesty King Chulalongkorn, King Rama V (reigned 1868–1910), and under the direct influence of his close relatives, Siam implemented a vigorous policy of reform which today might be called a “strategy of hygiene.” The initial objectives were to transform Bangkok and ultimately Siam through the development of a policy of public health reforms apparently similar to that of Europe in response to the problems of rapid urbanisation. In Bangkok, this involved the provision of infrastructures such as the water supply, sewage disposal and crematoria. Particular emphasis was placed on sanitising Bangkok’s waterfronts and thoroughfares. These reforms were accompanied by changes in dress codes of civil servants and court officials in order to improve their appearance, and indeed changes in the codes of law governing the family and the physical appearance of Bangkok’s inhabitants. Great attention was given to the introductions of Western-style lavatories, modern crematoria and the associated attempts to reform Siamese traditional norms concerning personal hygiene and public health (see Fig. 9.1).