The foundation of measuring sustainability performance rests on a clear definition of what constitutes sustainability and sustainable development. It is well established that the concept encompasses environmental, social, and economic dimensions that are often interconnected in unpredictable ways. In addition, what constitutes a “sustainable” practice varies across industries, what is considered environmentally responsible in one context might be deemed insufficient or even harmful elsewhere. The challenge is further compounded by their dynamic nature that necessitates a flexible and adaptable approach to measurement. Therefore, the aim of this book is to collate the challenges associated with sustainability measure development and then develop a unified approach to quantify sustainability and sustainable development. Since sustainability is a multidimensional process, its assessment also must target all dimensions.