The chapter stresses that both food security and poverty eradication should be addressed and tackled as a crisis within the broader context of the integrated and indivisible set of SDGs. The persistence of poverty and hunger in the world is mainly explained from a political economy approach focused on the interaction of markets and states which, operating at various levels of analysis, pose constraints on the effectiveness of public and private actors to produce, distribute, and use resources required to achieve food security and reduce poverty. The chapter underlines the need to concentrate efforts in reducing the implementation gap that separates what has been promised by the SDGs and the crude reality LAC is facing, arguing that market and institutional failures at various levels are at the basis of the problem. In this context, a new scientific approach emphasizing trans-disciplinarity and co-production of actionable knowledge between scientists and non-scientists can better help in the review of the implementation process and the consequent corrections needed to achieve food security in the context of the indivisible set of SDGs. The chapter concludes that being so close to the deadline and far from many targets, improving food security and nutrition can be seen a priority task to make a tangible difference in the lives of the most vulnerable and get closer to achieving many of the interrelated 17 SDGs.