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Urbanization in developing countries is occurring at an unprecedented rate, resulting in profound environmental challenges exacerbated by rapid population growth and industrial expansion. This rapid urbanization has led to high-density urban environments facing significant challenges in ensuring adequate and safe water supply, proper sanitation, wastewater disposal, and ambient air quality. The escalating pollution poses significant health risks and threatens the ecological balance, highlighting the pressing necessity to implement pollution reduction initiatives. In addition, the conventional centralized treatment technologies often face constraints such as limited space availability, high capital and operational costs, and substantial energy demands, making them unviable in resource-constrained settings. To address these challenges, there is a critical need for sustainable and decentralized pollution reduction technologies aligned with the sustainable development goal of creating sustainable cities and communities. Nature-based decentralized systems offer several advantages, including lower infrastructure costs, reduced energy consumption, and integration with urban green spaces. These technologies effectively mitigate air and water pollution, and enhance the aesthetic value, exemplify innovative approaches to pollution control. The overarching aim of this book chapter is to provide a comprehensive understanding of sustainable pollution abatement technologies suitable for urban spaces in developing countries, offering insights into their applicability, limitations, and potential for widespread adoption. The chapter explored a diverse array of technologies developed to address pollution in water (water, stormwater, wastewater) and air environments. The factors affecting the system performance, including design and operational conditions, is also discussed. This exploration seeks to pave the way for practical and impactful interventions to address the pressing pollution challenges faced by urban populations in developing countries.

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Exploration of Nature-Based Technologies for Urban Pollution Challenges in Rapidly Growing Cities

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Manthiram Karthik Ravichandran,
  • Ravi Sankar V.

摘要

Urbanization in developing countries is occurring at an unprecedented rate, resulting in profound environmental challenges exacerbated by rapid population growth and industrial expansion. This rapid urbanization has led to high-density urban environments facing significant challenges in ensuring adequate and safe water supply, proper sanitation, wastewater disposal, and ambient air quality. The escalating pollution poses significant health risks and threatens the ecological balance, highlighting the pressing necessity to implement pollution reduction initiatives. In addition, the conventional centralized treatment technologies often face constraints such as limited space availability, high capital and operational costs, and substantial energy demands, making them unviable in resource-constrained settings. To address these challenges, there is a critical need for sustainable and decentralized pollution reduction technologies aligned with the sustainable development goal of creating sustainable cities and communities. Nature-based decentralized systems offer several advantages, including lower infrastructure costs, reduced energy consumption, and integration with urban green spaces. These technologies effectively mitigate air and water pollution, and enhance the aesthetic value, exemplify innovative approaches to pollution control. The overarching aim of this book chapter is to provide a comprehensive understanding of sustainable pollution abatement technologies suitable for urban spaces in developing countries, offering insights into their applicability, limitations, and potential for widespread adoption. The chapter explored a diverse array of technologies developed to address pollution in water (water, stormwater, wastewater) and air environments. The factors affecting the system performance, including design and operational conditions, is also discussed. This exploration seeks to pave the way for practical and impactful interventions to address the pressing pollution challenges faced by urban populations in developing countries.