This chapter explores the complex relationship that exists between neurodevelopmental disorders and criminal conduct. Specifically, it looks at the association that exists between conditions like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their involvement in criminal activity. Readers learn how neurodevelopmental characteristics can affect impulse control, social functioning, and cognitive processes, all of which can have an impact on behavioral outcomes that are relevant to the criminal justice system. This is done through a synthesis of empirical research and case studies. The chapter also looks at how early brain development affects the way neurodevelopmental disorders show up and how they get involved in criminal behavior later on. The chapter talks about the neurobiological bases of neurodevelopmental disorders and how they may interact with environmental factors. It stresses how important thorough assessment and targeted intervention are in keeping people with these disorders out of the legal system. Principal insights encompass an enhanced comprehension of the intricate relationship between neurobiology and behavior, along with the consequences for legal judgments and intervention tactics targeted at diminishing reoffending and fostering recovery.