This chapter explores the intricate relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and engagement in the criminal justice system. It provides a thorough examination of the behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological effects of TBI as well as their implications for court cases. Readers learn about the frequency of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among those involved in the criminal justice system as well as the possible influence of brain injury on legal responsibility and sentencing decisions through an examination of empirical data and case studies. This chapter explores the neuropsychological aftereffects of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including deficits in impulse control, affective regulation, and executive functioning, and how these relate to criminal conduct and recidivism. It also examines the difficulties in recognizing and treating TBI-related impairments in legal settings, including problems with diagnosis, intervention, and detection. In order to meet the specific requirements of people with brain injuries participating in the legal system, case studies demonstrate the practical implications of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in influencing legal results. They also emphasize the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration and focused interventions. The need for thorough assessment and intervention tactics that address both neurological and legal factors, as well as a greater understanding of the complexity underlying traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its interaction with the criminal justice system, are important lessons to be learned.