In recent years, biofuels have gained prominence due to their crucial role in reducing carbon emissions and promoting a more sustainable aviation industry. This study investigates these alternative fuels’ production processes, benefits, and challenges. Bibliometric analysis has revealed a significant increase in cited articles on biofuels between 2004 and 2024. Countries such as the United States, England, and Australia play an essential role in this research landscape by investing in sustainable fuel production. The keyword analysis indicates growing interest in this field, with terms like “biofuel,” “biomass,” and “bioenergy” being most sought after by researchers. It is worth noting that sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) utilize biomass from agricultural and forest residues, animal fats, and vegetable oils (including microalgae, sunflower, and palm oil), making them promising new technologies. However, technological challenges and market issues must still be overcome for these biofuels to reach their full potential in aviation. Future research should focus on innovative technologies to address production costs and other challenges. Ultimately, the global commitment to sustainability in aviation is not only an environmental necessity but also an opportunity for innovation and leadership in the sector. As green fuel technologies evolve, they will pave the way for cleaner, more efficient, and responsible aviation.