Fecal incontinence is the involuntary loss of stool, either solid or liquid, due to problems retaining it until voluntary evacuation. Causes include muscle injuries, nerve damage, diarrhea, constipation, neurological diseases, and factors such as vaginal childbirth or rectal prolapse. It is more common in middle-aged and older adults, affecting around 8% of the general population and up to 15% of people over 70 years old. Diagnostic methods include clinical and medical tests such as digital rectal examination, anorectal manometry, and endoanal ultrasonography. Conventional treatment includes dietary changes, pharmacotherapy, pelvic floor reeducation, and, in severe cases, surgery. Physical therapy may include perineal muscle exercises, biofeedback to strengthen muscles and improve bowel control, and posterior tibial nerve stimulation to increase anal sphincter pressure and pelvic floor muscle strength.