Internet fragmentation can happen in different ways. Fractures can be introduced by interrupting communications, like countries often do, or by depriving users of options and opportunities, like companies often do. State interventions vary across the world. North Korea replaced the Internet with an intranet; China controls and manipulates traffic flows toward the outside. Countries like Turkey and Iran try to copy China in less subtle ways, sometimes shutting down connectivity entirely; Russia is stuck halfway in its strive for self-sufficiency. The United Kingdom focuses on harmful content, while the United States takes advantage of the global dominance of its private sector. Big tech is exploiting this power for itself. Traffic moves over private cables and concentrates on a handful of content delivery networks, creating opportunities for breaking the neutrality of the Internet. Tech companies can use encryption to bypass local jurisdiction and content blocks. Search engines and social media can make content disappear. All these mechanisms can be used to shape and fragment the end-user’s Internet experience; they become weapons in a war for control.