Printed circuit boards (PCBs) used in electronic appliances contains significant amounts of metals, ceramics, and polymers. Various precious metals such as aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), silver (Ag), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and palladium (Pd) are associated with the metallic components of the PCBs. More recently, diverse groups of microorganisms are employed for the metal recovery from the electronic waste. The bacteria, fungi, and microalgae can potentially biotransform or degrade the contaminants into simpler and less hazardous substances. The metal extraction from the electronic wastes (E-wastes) using microbes may involve several mechanisms that include processes such as bioaccumulation, biosorption, bioleaching, bioprecipitation, biooxidation and bioreduction. The most predominant process of bioleaching, may involve acidolysis, redoxolysis, and complexolysis. Hence, this chapter gives an elaborate account of role of various bacteria and fungi in the recovery of precious metals from the E-wastes. In some cases certain pretreatment is necessary before the microbes are brought into contact with the PCBs that enhance the efficiency of metal recovery. Certain acidophilic bacteria and filamentous fungi show more potent metal extraction ability. Moreover, the energy transfer for bacterial growth occurs through electron transfer that is responsible for responsible for the solubilisation of the metal present in the PCBs via oxidation. On the other hand, the bioleaching mechanism in the cyanogenic bacteria, is associated with the simultaneous generation of cyanide from glycine. Certain bacteria such as Acidiphilium acidophilum, Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, Bacillus megaterium, Chromobacterium violaceum, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, Magnetospirillum sp., and Pseudomonas putida with superior bioleaching properties are reported to recover metals from E-wastes. Similarly, the heterotrophic fungi from the genus like Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida, Penicillium, Phanerochaete, Purpureocillium, and Rhizopus are reported to play an effective role in the recovery of metals from PCBs. However, certain parameters such as type of microbe, incubation time, temperature, microbial density, pH, and carbon sources, should be carefully optimized for developing efficient metal recovery process from E-wastes which is a sustainable approach.