The development of digitalization and information security in Kazakhstan’s social and economic processes encompasses various structures of state governance and spheres of human activity, all aimed at achieving the goals and objectives of national strategies and programs in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as attaining the Sustainable Development Goals. This research presents the analysis and evaluation of the main trends in the development of information security within Kazakhstan’s socio-economic processes under conditions of digitalization, international experience, and emerging challenges. The research highlights the state of economic development in Kazakhstan concerning information security and IT technologies in use. The authors outline strategies to ensure information security within the socio-economic processes amid rapid digitalization in Kazakhstan. The results of the theoretical and methodological research can serve as an effective tool for obtaining new data in the stages of developing directions for an enhanced information security strategy in Kazakhstan, considering its own informational capacity and international experience. The research formed a new scientific perspective to address practical aspects of ensuring and implementing information security in Kazakhstan’s socio-economic processes. Additionally, the research defines the vector for the overall strategy of state and political governance, impacting the further implementation of priority directions in the state, economic, and information strategy of Kazakhstan.