The research provides information on implementing a set of measures to improve the environmental situation and reduce the anthropogenic impact on climate change in the Russian Federation. Over the past decade, the country has undergone a reform of environmental legislation, which has made it possible to set goals and determine the tools to achieve sustainable improvements in environmental performance. A basis has been formed for introducing the best available technologies (BAT) at enterprises and using automatic means of monitoring emissions of marker pollutants into the atmosphere and discharges of pollutants into water bodies. An institute of federal and regional operators was formed. Regional territorial schemes for managing hazardous production and consumption waste were developed and approved. A new industry is being created for recycling containers, packaging, and goods that have lost consumer properties. The national project “Ecology” was adopted. A strategy was developed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Enterprises with significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are required to report annually. To test the methodology for forming a market for carbon units, the Sakhalin experiment is being conducted.