Norway is a unitary state with a longstanding history of local government. Over the years, subnational governance structures have evolved into a robust system of municipalities and counties, responsible for a wide range of public services, including important roles in public education, health care, and infrastructure. This chapter discusses the historical development of subnational government and horizontal coordination between local and regional governments, including important forms of contemporary cooperation and coordination between local and regional jurisdictions. Given the large number of small and sparsely populated municipalities and counties, cooperation and coordination remain important for effective service provision and for managing shared interests across sub-national borders. An important venue for coordination is a local government association that includes all local and regional governments as its members. Horizontal cooperation and coordination have remained important despite recent reforms aimed at reducing the number, and increasing the size, of local and regional jurisdictions.