Cinchona Plantation in the Eastern Himalayas and Its Potential in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Viral Diseases
摘要
Coronavirus pandemic has been severely impacting the public health, global economy and livelihood since 2019. Several natural products have inhibitory activities towards different kinds of coronaviruses and could be considered for drug development to impede SARS-CoV-2. Cinchona is a tree of tropical regions and anti-malarian drug quinine can be derived from the tree bark. The Eastern Himalayas in India has extensive plantation of cinchona since 1862. Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are derivatives of quinine, and thus share similar molecular configurations of quinine. Recent research works showed that CQ can effectively control in-vitro infection of SARS-CoV-2, comparable with other anti-viral compounds. Considering the positive results found in applications of CQ and HCQ in treatment of SARS-CoV-2 affected individuals, quinine and its derivatives can have substantial effects on SARS-CoV-2 and related pathogens. Recent studies showed that quinine has anti-viral characteristics for SARS-CoV-2, similar to both of its derivatives (HCQ and CQ). Cinchona plantation in the Himalayan landscape can become a ‘hot spot’ for the treatment of viral diseases such as COVID-19 using quinine obtained from the cinchona plant/shrub. Future work should focus on other medicinal plant in the Himalayas and its application on treatment of viral diseases.