The various forms of human manipulation, such as biodiversity loss, urbanization, etc., have increased since the beginning of the twenty-first century and have spread consistently across the Indian Himalayan region (IHR). Over the last three decades, the people of the mountain region have been confronted with the multiple effects of climate change. The ecological forces of the forest ecosystem have been jeopardized and are consistently influencing day by day. Human interventions such as deforestation, logging and unplanned development have disrupted the equilibrium of the earth’s system by depleting the natural resources. The current study seeks to fill a gap and determine the significance of biodiversity conservation, including biomass and carbon stock and its role in combating climate change across the IHR. The study also synthesized earlier research on forest vulnerability major threats and consequences of climate change on people’s livelihoods  including biodiversity conservation efforts. Based on these findings, future strategies have also been proposed to deal with climate change consequences in the IHR.