This chapter analyses women’s political identities and public participation in Northern Ireland since the 1998 peace agreement. It discusses grassroots, party-political and legislative notions of citizen participation and how women participate in formal political life. Northern Ireland’s ethno-nationally based consociational structures and the barriers they present to women’s participation and the advancement of gender equality are also explored. The analysis addresses different manifestations of women’s public, political participation, filtered through aspects such as ethno-nationalist background, level of political activity and gender norms. The chapter also discusses the potential for and obstacles to women’s descriptive and substantive political representation in the formal political system. Overall, this chapter explores indications of progress, standstill or backlash in terms of women’s right to participate in public, political life in Northern Ireland since 1998.