Symptomatic inflammation of the maxillary sinus is referred to as maxillary Rhinosinusitis. It is broadly divided into chronic and acute Rhinosinusitis. Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the sinus or nasal passages lasting more than 12 weeks. It may present as chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP phenotype), chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP phenotype), or chronic sinusitis with allergic fungal Rhinosinusitis. This disease affects 5–12% of the general population and has a profound impact on quality of life. Chronic Rhinosinusitis is primarily considered an inflammatory condition, in contrast to acute Rhinosinusitis, which typically has an infective aetiology. For Rhinosinusitis to be considered acute, the inflammation of the nasal mucosa should last less than 4 weeks. The term subacute rhinosinusitis has been proposed by experts for inflammation lasting longer than 4 weeks but less than 12 weeks. Most cases of acute infective Rhinosinusitis are due to viral upper airway infections; however, bacteria and fungi can also play a role in the aetiology of the disease.

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Maxillary Rhinosinusitis

  • Goran Latif Omer,
  • Vivek Sasindran,
  • Mithra Sara,
  • Gianluca Velletrani,
  • Beatrice Francavilla,
  • Sveva Viola,
  • Arianna Alagna,
  • Stefano Di Girolamo,
  • Francesco Maria Passali,
  • Fouad Ahmed Abdullah,
  • Gianluca Scialla,
  • Marco Perla,
  • Sahand Soran Ali,
  • Aland Salih Abdullah

摘要

Symptomatic inflammation of the maxillary sinus is referred to as maxillary Rhinosinusitis. It is broadly divided into chronic and acute Rhinosinusitis. Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the sinus or nasal passages lasting more than 12 weeks. It may present as chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP phenotype), chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP phenotype), or chronic sinusitis with allergic fungal Rhinosinusitis. This disease affects 5–12% of the general population and has a profound impact on quality of life. Chronic Rhinosinusitis is primarily considered an inflammatory condition, in contrast to acute Rhinosinusitis, which typically has an infective aetiology. For Rhinosinusitis to be considered acute, the inflammation of the nasal mucosa should last less than 4 weeks. The term subacute rhinosinusitis has been proposed by experts for inflammation lasting longer than 4 weeks but less than 12 weeks. Most cases of acute infective Rhinosinusitis are due to viral upper airway infections; however, bacteria and fungi can also play a role in the aetiology of the disease.