The chapter aims to examine the current situation of Special Economic Zones in Italy, beginning with their origins and their complex development. Established in 2017, SEZ in Italy aims to promote the growth of active firms and the establishment of new activities in the south of Italy by providing fiscal benefits, simplifying procedures, and securing customs permissions. The implementation path has been complex and characterised by legislative changes. At the end of January 2024, a new SEZ unique for the entire South of Italy has been established (ZES Unica per il Mezzogiorno). Research has been undertaken during the instrument’s inception and evolution. The examination of experiences from SEZs in different geographical regions has shown strengths and limitations pertinent to labour market analysis and the enhancement of employment growth.