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Any two-level quantum system is associated with a Hilbert space spanned by two orthonormal states and, thus, can be seen as a qubit. In this chapter we will focus on spin–1/2 particles and two-level atoms, which are the simplest example of qubits, and on the degree of freedom of single-photon states. We also explain how it is possible to manipulate spins and atoms in order to implement quantum logic gates.

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Two-Level Systems and Photonic Qubits

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Stefano Olivares

摘要

Any two-level quantum system is associated with a Hilbert space spanned by two orthonormal states and, thus, can be seen as a qubit. In this chapter we will focus on spin–1/2 particles and two-level atoms, which are the simplest example of qubits, and on the degree of freedom of single-photon states. We also explain how it is possible to manipulate spins and atoms in order to implement quantum logic gates.