The research describes a new Russian strategy aimed at achieving technological sovereignty. For the last decade, Western sanctions have forced Russia to pursue a policy of import substitution to eliminate its dependence on imports from the countries that imposed those sanctions. Since 2015, the Russian government has successfully promoted domestic products. Having achieved self-sufficiency in many sectors of the economy, the new step in further development is to achieve technological sovereignty. The research concludes that Russia currently needs to conduct new policies for further innovative and technological development. This policy will result in the achievement of technological sovereignty in Russia. The authors believe that studying the positive experiences of other countries will help Russian authorities take some actions that will lead to technological sovereignty. During the research, the authors analyzed China’s experience in achieving technological sovereignty. They defined the key features and instruments of Chinese innovative and technological policy to implement them in Russia.