The existence of any country depends on its economic performance, which can increase due to setting up favorable conditions for investment and business development while also prioritizing social and economic programs. The role of the state is to provide financial support to businesses, lower tax rates, develop infrastructure, and ensure access to necessary resources. To achieve these goals, the state can take measures to increase the economy’s competitiveness and attract investors. In Russia, these goals are achieved by national projects, which represent a highly promising set of initiatives aimed at improving the country’s economy and the well-being of citizens in a relatively short time. The purpose of national projects consists of improving the quality of citizens’ lives, stimulating economic growth, increasing the country’s competitiveness, and solving urgent social and economic problems. National projects are essential for the stimulation of economic growth, which requires investments in key sectors of the economy and infrastructure development. National projects improve the quality of life by developing education, healthcare, social sector, and housing construction. Moreover, they improve the country’s competitiveness through economic modernization, innovations, digitalization, and business climate improvement. National projects solve social problems by creating new jobs, combating poverty and inequality, and rendering assistance to small and medium-sized businesses. Since national projects require extensive government funding, their management should be conducted following the regulations of relevant documents. Various advanced technologies can be used, including AI-based technological solutions, to achieve the efficiency of management.