Witnessing is a key concept within the conceptual framework offered in this chapter and builds upon challenges that prevent sustainable change. This section of the chapter draws upon literature from multiple fields including sociology, education, art criticism, psychoanalysis and theatre to offer understandings of how witnessing can be built into applied theatre processes to provide avenues for change to ‘live’ beyond the life span of project interventions. The chapter also points out the limitations and ongoing challenges this process entails that the six case study chapters explore in different ways through offering considerations of witnessing change in practice in a range of contexts with urban youth.