This chapter explores the concept of public cohousing, a model that has recently emerged in Italy. Although there are currently only a few existing examples of this model, it represents a significant opportunity for innovation in the housing welfare and social housing sectors. In addressing the tension that can arise between public interest and the needs of the users, several complex dynamics are highlighted: the guiding principles of cohousing and the objectives that the public administration sets for itself; the process of selecting recipients-cohousers; the role of co-design; the possible social project connected to cohousing experimentation; the temporariness of experiences; the relationship between the housing community and the extended territorial community; and the management of the housing community.