This study examined the socioeconomic drivers of climate change resilience among cassava value chain actors in Southeast Nigeria. It assessed their socioeconomic characteristics, climate change awareness, adaptation practices, and the factors influencing resilience. Using a cross-sectional survey and multi-stage sampling, data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean statistics, and simple regression analysis. Results showed that actors were middle-aged (41–50 years), predominantly male, married, part of large households (6–10 members), with primary education, extensive farming experience (11–20 years), and income between N51,000 and N100,000. They frequently engaged in extension contacts (0.06) and cooperative memberships. High climate change awareness was noted, especially regarding increased rainfall intensity (91.9%), rainfall unpredictability (91.4%), and late onset of rains (91.7%). Key adaptation strategies included seeking early warning information (x̄ = 3.44), using inorganic fertilizer (x̄ = 3.40), and planting improved cassava varieties (x̄ = 3.35). Socioeconomic factors influencing resilience included age (β = 0.02), marital status (β =  − 0.05), education (β = 0.10), experience (β = 0.04), income (β = 0.05), and extension contacts (β = 0.06). The study concluded that promoting sustainable practices and improving access to climate information are essential for enhancing resilience. Strengthening extension services, promoting cooperative memberships, and enhancing education and training on climate adaptation are recommended to improve resilience.