Biodiversity and landscape are profoundly interconnected. On the one hand, the diversity of species in a habitat influences the landscape, as landscape elements such as waterbodies or different vegetation types are used in different ways depending on the composition of species. On the other hand, the landscape itself also has effects on the diversity of species within it. Here, human activities that lead to changes in landscapes play an important role, as they can alter the habitats of species. Activities such as deforestation, pollution, overuse, and urbanization of landscapes or habitats are particularly noteworthy, as well as the introduction of non-native species by humans or human-induced climate change. To protect the biodiversity, which is currently declining at a rate unprecedented in human history, sustainable management of the landscape is inevitable. Especially when considering the services that ecosystems provide for humans, the advantage of species-rich landscapes or ecosystems becomes clear. This chapter explains this in more detail based on bird species, as species and their distribution are also influenced by landcsape structure. Moreover, bird diversity also affects human well-being, among other things, by influencing the acoustic imprint (soundscape) of a landscape.