Cities have long been seen in contrast to the landscape, “landscape” is still used today as a synonym for “nature”. The term “urban nature” therefore requires a more precise definition. The text provides an overview of what is understood by “urban nature”, how research on it has developed and what elements it includes today. The functions of urban nature and its role in urban development are presented. Finally, the symbolic meaning of urban nature and its changes in the course of societal development are discussed.