Landscape planning is the central instrument for spatial definition and the realization of the goals and principles for addressing nature, landscape, and landscape-related recreation. It focuses on a holistic view of the human-environment relationships. The subjects of landscape planning are the components of nature: atmosphere and climate, water, rock and soil, wild animals and plants, communities including biotopes as well as the diversity, uniqueness, and beauty of the landscape plus its recreational value. Landscape planning is legally established in the Federal Nature Conservation Act and supplemented or extended in the nature conservation laws of the states (Germany). Landscape plans represent the specialized plans for nature conservation and provide conservation planning contributions for all levels of overall spatial planning (land use planning and development at state, regional, and local levels) as well as important information for other planning instruments, such as environmental impact assessments. Current challenges represent an increased process-oriented involvement of the public, policies, and administration. With a modular approach, landscape planning can meet current and future challenges, such as biodiversity loss, urban aspects, climate change, cultural landscape change, and demographic change, in a needs-based manner.