In 1869, President Domingo F. Sarmiento promoted the creation of the National Academy of Sciences in Córdoba through Hermann Burmeister. This Academy included illustrious German scientists, among whom Alfred Stelzner stood out, a geologist who, during his short stay in the country, made fundamental contributions and founded the Mineralogy Museum of the University of Córdoba. He was a pioneer in the description of the Sierras Pampeanas, so called by him, and wrote about the Paleozoic strata of the Precordillera and the geological constitution of the Main Andes. His studies were continued by another German scientist, Ludwig Brackebusch, whose explorations were concentrated in the north of the country, where he identified the oil formation that years later would be an important source of oil production in northern Argentina. He produced the first geological map of the interior of the country. Their studies were continued by another German geologist, Guillermo Bodenbender, who not only carried out important research in the central Andean region but also for more than 30 years was a professor of geology at the University of Córdoba. It can be said that these three German scholars produced solid geological studies of the central region of the country, establishing its stratigraphy and structure. The National Academy of Sciences played an important role in financing the explorations and publishing the results obtained through its annals and scientific bulletins. These became an organ for the dissemination of geological studies not only of its academics but also of the contributions of the late nineteenth century.