The national organization that followed the Battle of Caseros in 1852 led to the formation of the Argentine Confederation and brought great changes in geological studies. The opening of Natural History Museums in Paraná and Buenos Aires, both in charge of foreign naturalists, intensified the surveys throughout the country. In Paraná, the Belgian Marbais Du Graty stood out, a naturalist who promoted the mineral wealth of the Confederation at the universal exhibition in Paris. His investigations were continued by the French mining engineer Auguste Bravard who carried out important studies on the banks of the Paraná River and died in an earthquake in 1861 in Mendoza, where he had been commissioned to survey its mineral potential. The French naturalist Victor Martin de Moussy, traveled more than twenty thousand kilometers through the country, carrying out a complete Description géographique et statistique de la Confédération Argentine. The government’s objectives were to publicize the country’s mining potential and to encourage the settlement of European immigrants, so they actively participated in international exhibitions in Paris with important published works and samples of minerals, rocks, and fossils. When the government moved to Buenos Aires, another German-born naturalist, Hermann Burmeister, was hired as director of the Public Museum of Buenos Aires. This naturalist, in addition to participating with samples and publications in the Universal Exhibitions of Paris and Venice, began to edit the annals of the Museum, which quickly became a scientific journal widely recognized for the quality of its contributions. This period culminated with the studies of Francis Ignacio Rickard, an Irish mining engineer, who did meritorious work recognizing the mining potential of the central region of Argentina and published a study of wide international circulation on mining resources.