A series of small ventures attempted to exploit some oil seeps in northern Argentina and the Cacheuta region. The latter was achieved by the Polish geologist Rudolf Zuber, who managed to produce oil at the end of the nineteenth century for local use and to supply the railway fuel in Mendoza. The first important discovery was made in Comodoro Rivadavia in 1907, which revealed oil in one of the basins that years later became one of the most important in the country. The discovery was made through a systematic plan of drilling in search of water and eventually oil conducted by Eng. Hermitte. This discovery led years later to the discovery of oil in Plaza Huincul through careful geological studies carried out by Keidel, which constituted the pioneering drilling in the Neuquén basin in 1918. These discoveries led to the creation of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales, the first state oil company. This company was characterized in its beginnings by the participation of Italian geologists, firstly Guido Bonarelli and later Enrico Fossa Mancini, who developed an Italian exploration school. These geologists trained the first Argentine oil geologists who graduated from the universities of Buenos Aires, La Plata, and Córdoba. The exploration and geological studies carried out by several generations of Argentine geologists had important achievements in discovering oil and gas in various basins of the national territory.