Flooding events and variations in precipitation are associated with climate change globally. Flooding results in the complete or partial submergence of plants with adverse impacts on agriculture production. The plant life cycle is negatively influenced by flooding stress from seed germination to reproductive growth. Flooding conditions cause hypoxia (low oxygen content) and affect the seedling establishment and plant vegetative growth as well. However, prolonged flooding conditions can retard plant growth and development resulting in crop reduction and yield loss. Further, due to the lack of oxygen and lower light intensity and carbon dioxide levels in flooded areas, photosynthesis and plant respiration are prone to flooding stress leading to energy shortages for different biochemical processes. Furthermore, flooding conditions can also induce oxidative bursts in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation which can cause cellular damage leading to plant cell death. However, plants are also equipped with powerful antioxidant defense systems including enzymatic and non-enzymatic ROS scavengers such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (ASA), to reduce oxidative stress and alleviate flooding-induced damages to improve plant growth at different developmental stages. Moreover, the use of agronomic measures such as the adoption of resistant cultivars against flooding, foliar and soil fertilization, plant growth regulators, and appropriate and timely application of agronomic management measures can mitigate the damaging effects of flooding and increase plant growth and development under flooding stress conditions.