Plants require water, oxygen, minerals, and nutrients for normal growth while the excess or deficiency of any element poses a severe threat. Nowadays, natural and anthropogenic activities are causing abrupt changes in the environment and climate and in turn increasing the occurrence of various environmental stresses i.e., biotic, and abiotic stresses, including microbes, heavy metals, drought, heat, waterlogging, etc. Flooding is a serious menace and adversely affects the growth and development of plants. Although the foremost constraint under waterlogged situations is the lack of oxygen, different other adverse effects include a decrease in energy status, blockage of electron transport chain (ETC) and Krebs cycle, alteration in soil chemical properties, flaccidity, reduced root and shoot dry mass, reduced transpiration, leaf size and number, etc. leading to reduced quality and productivity of crops. Various internal modifications and production of numerous substances help plants to cope with external biotic or abiotic stresses. To tolerate and adapt to flood stress various anatomical, morphological, and physiological adaptations have been reported in plants, e.g., the formation of radial oxygen loss (ROL) barriers, formation of aerenchyma, and formation of Casparian strips in the taproot of various crops, as reported in wheat, barley, and rice. These modifications and adaptations help plants to cope with a stressful environment and enhance crop productivity under waterlogged conditions.