The research presents the study of the implementation of economic policies in the pharmaceutical market of Russia within the sustainable development concept. The research aims to identify the specifics of implementing economic policies in the pharmaceutical market of Russian regions in the sustainable development context and develop strategic guidelines aimed at fostering green growth in pharmacy business and the economy. During the research, the authors applied theoretical, logical, and semantic analysis, as well as methods of synthesis, comparison, and practical modeling. The research extensively analyzes the peculiarities of the pharmacy business’s participation in achieving the third global goal of sustainable development—ensuring a healthy lifestyle for all people of all ages and contributing to their well-being based on the analysis of the Russian market of dietary supplements (DS): the dynamics of sales in natural and cost assessments; the structure and price range of revenue from sales. The authors conclude that within the framework of implementing the sustainable development concept, the pharmacy business is increasing sales volumes and expanding the share of dietary supplements in the turnover of retail trade, contributing to the effective adjustment of the population’s nutrition in Russian regions and maintaining the body in physiological balance. The authors justify the necessity of the participation of all economic entities, including consumer cooperatives, in the Russian market of dietary supplements, and ensuring the green economic efficiency of the pharmacy business in the long term.