Ethnopedagogical Heritage of Kyrgyz Nomads’ Traditions
摘要
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to analyze the ethnopedagogic features of Kyrgyz traditions, rituals and ceremonies and to identify elements of ecological and spiritual-moral education of young people that may be in demand in modern conditions. Research methods: The methodological basis of the research is an integrated approach that includes complementary methods, the main of which are comparative analysis of scientific sources, interviewing, questioning, the method of historical analysis and oral history. Results: The article presents the results of research on the intangible cultural heritage of Kyrgyz nomads in terms of the analysis of traditional knowledge, rituals and ceremonies aimed at the formation of ecological consciousness. The article examines the mechanisms of individual and collective spiritual growth embedded in the psychology of the Kyrgyz people. The mentality of Kyrgyz nomads is characterized by ancestral responsibility, as well as moral and ethical responsibility for the actions performed, which, according to the Tengrian tradition, will be evaluated for seven generations, which guided the representatives of the genus to perform worthy deeds and live in moral purity. The formation of the Kyrgyz mentality, which includes norms of behavior, thinking and the sphere of feelings, contributed to the creation of collective stable spiritual values, which at all times were interconnected with religious beliefs. The tribal consciousness of the nomads was built on the basis of a nomadic lifestyle and geographical high-altitude living conditions, in which a person was aware of his unity with the genus and with the surrounding nature. The appeal of consciousness to ecological values has been formed for centuries, which contributed to the unification of moral, spiritual and ecological values formed by the Tengrian worldview based on humanistic harmony of man with nature and on the observance of the principles of non-interference in the order of the universe. Originality: As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the traditions, rituals, ceremonials, healing and spiritual-magical practices of the Kyrgyz nomads contain not only pagan rituals, but also quite effective didactic tools for the tasks of teaching and educating modern youth.