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The local spread of individual cancer based on ontogenetic anatomy dictates its ontogenetic stage (oT). Lymph node metastases detected in first-, second-, and third-line defense regions with regard to the tissue of the tumor origin determine the ontogenetic nodal stage. Ontogenetic staging of lower female genital tract carcinomas is primarily performed clinically by examination under anesthesia and with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for advanced disease states. Histopathological assessment of tissue specimens from cancer field surgery is necessary for definitive ontogenetic staging. The stage-associated cancer fields for cervix, vaginal, endometrial, and vulvar carcinoma are illustrated. For each ontogenetic stage, proper diagnostic management is recommended.

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Ontogenetic Staging of Gynecologic Cancer: Diagnostic Management and Findings

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Michael Höckel,
  • Rainer Kimmig

摘要

The local spread of individual cancer based on ontogenetic anatomy dictates its ontogenetic stage (oT). Lymph node metastases detected in first-, second-, and third-line defense regions with regard to the tissue of the tumor origin determine the ontogenetic nodal stage. Ontogenetic staging of lower female genital tract carcinomas is primarily performed clinically by examination under anesthesia and with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for advanced disease states. Histopathological assessment of tissue specimens from cancer field surgery is necessary for definitive ontogenetic staging. The stage-associated cancer fields for cervix, vaginal, endometrial, and vulvar carcinoma are illustrated. For each ontogenetic stage, proper diagnostic management is recommended.