The paper studies gypsum systems with fillers based on glass or vitrified microspheres. Such fillers in building mixtures allow to reduce density and improve thermal performance. The problem can be solved by combining a high-strength matrix base and a maximally lightweight filler in the composite. Such fillers can be vitrified spheres with micro-scale particle sizes, hollow microspheres, and aluminosilicate microfillers made from natural or man-made raw materials. The aim of the project was to study the possibility of using such fillers in building mixtures with reduced density and improved performance characteristics. Also important aspects in the synthesis of such mixtures are traditional physical and mechanical properties - compressive strength and bending strength, as well as a number of performance quality indicators. During these studies, an analysis of the test results of gypsum composites was conducted. Their synthesis on the basis of a reinforced gypsum matrix allows obtaining a material with unique properties, low density and sufficiently high strength. The use of a traditional initial gypsum binder increases the economic efficiency of the resulting material.