Montenegro inherited theClassification “Genetic school” of pedology, like other YugoslavYugoslav Republics, and therefore, genetic principles are introduced into its soil classificationSoil classification system. This chapter briefly describes the intensive and systematic work on the study of soils in the former Yugoslavia and the role of the Yugoslav Soil Science SocietyYugoslav Soil Science Society, which organised scientific meetings striving to establish better communication, facilitate understanding, and improve cooperation regarding pedological research at the territory of the country. Decisions on soil classificationClassification issues were passed at the Congresses of the Soil Science Society of Yugoslavia. This chapter explains the principles of soil classification and its links to FAOFAO and WRBWRB for soil resources. It also gives insight into soil horizon description and designation used in the country and additional symbols. The hierarchical units of the soil classification system (orders, classes, types, subtypes, varieties, and forms), soil classification logic, and differentiation criteria from higher to lower soil categories are explained with an emphasis on soil types as a central soil category. The chapter also presents, in a tabular form, a soil classification system, underlining the soils present in Montenegro and some modifications introduced into the system in the last few decades.