In order to portray the Variscan orogenic evolution of the Vosges and Black Forest Massifs, we present and discuss an updated review of their lithotectonic sequences, with particular focus on distinctive rocks associations. The latter include sedimentary sequences, available geochemical characteristics and various ages of magmatic series as well as existing P-T evolutions and ages of the different metamorphic complexes. Taking into account their crustal-scale architecture, we discuss the main similarities and differences between these “twin” massifs. Using the possible correlations with the neighboring Variscan massifs, we propose an orogenic history for these Variscan massifs, which occupy a key position at the boundary between the Saxothuringian and the Moldanubian Zones.